Elon Musk becomes world's first trillionaire as SpaceX soars in stock market debut Elon Musk on Friday became the world's first trillionaire after shares in his SpaceX rocket company soared during the biggest-ever stock market debut. The Tesla and SpaceX founder comfortably cemented his status as the world's richest man, with his total net worth standing at $1.11tn (£828bn) according to the Bloomberg rich list. It came as the rocket, telecommunications and artificial intelligence (AI) company listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange with a value of $2.2tn. The company said its shares would be offered at $135 each, but trading opened at $150 and briefly reached $176.50 in a show of investor enthusiasm for potential business related to space and companies associated with Musk. SpaceX shares closed on Friday at about $161.

SpaceX's stock market debut has thrust the richest man in the universe into an unexplored frontier of wealth. There are thousands of billionaires across the world. But there is only one trillionaire. Elon Musk became the first person to amass a personal fortune of over $1,000,000,000,000--that's 12 zeros--after shares of his rocket company SpaceX debuted on the Nasdaq stock exchange on Friday. SpaceX's initial public offering on Thursday valued the company at nearly $1.8 trillion, up from its most recent private valuation of around $1.25 trillion.

SpaceX IPO debuts in US markets, Musk becomes world's first trillionaire SpaceX has debuted on US markets with a market valuation of more than $2 trillion, minting CEO Elon Musk as the world's first trillionaire. Shares opened on Friday at $150 per share, marking a 11 percent increase from the initial public offering (IPO) price of $135, valuing the company at $1.96 trillion and putting the aerospace company on track to become the sixth-largest company in the United States. The company sold $75bn in shares, immediately valuing it at $1.77 trillion. The IPO was oversubscribed four times higher than was otherwise expected, according to the Reuters news agency. Of the institutional investors allocated, according to Bloomberg News, as much as 70 percent went to what are called long-only investments -- a strategy in which holders buy assets based on the expectation that their value will grow over time -- and sovereign wealth funds, including those from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as well.

They swear they haven't peeked at the closely guarded secret and that they'll keep the cryptographic competition going. On a blustery March day, the artist Jim Sanborn received visitors at his studio on an isolated island in the Chesapeake Bay. The visitors sat him down in front of a laptop, and he typed in a secret message. They compressed the message using a unique hash function, sent that to the cloud, and wiped the laptop clean. Sanborn hoped that this action would set him free.

SpaceX to list on US stock market at $1.77tn valuation in largest ever debut IPO for Elon Musk's company comes in what is predicted to be a banner year for public offerings of AI companies SpaceX will become publicly traded on Friday after nearly two and a half decades as a private company. Executives are slated to ring the bell on Wall Street with the rocket ship maker's historic stock market debut. If all goes to plan, the company's initial public offering (IPO) will mint a valuation of $1.77tn - earning it the designation of the world's largest ever IPO. Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of SpaceX, has a large stake in the company as majority shareholder, so if investors' enthusiasm validates the eye-popping valuation, he would take the title of the world's first-ever trillionaire. Musk is also the CEO of Tesla, which is valued at $1.2tn.

When agents trade in a Duality-based Cost Function prediction market, they collectively implement the learning algorithm Follow-The-Regularized-Leader [Abernethy et al., 2013]. We ask whether other learning algorithms could be used to inspire the design of prediction markets. By decomposing and modifying the Duality-based Cost Function Market Maker's (DCFMM) pricing mechanism, we propose a new prediction market, called the Smooth Quadratic Prediction Market, the incentivizes agents to collectively implement general steepest gradient descent. Relative to the DCFMM, the Smooth Quadratic Prediction Market has a better worst-case monetary loss for AD securities while preserving axiom guarantees such as the existence of instantaneous price, information incorporation, expressiveness, no arbitrage, and a form of incentive compatibility. To motivate the application of the Smooth Quadratic Prediction Market, we independently examine agents' trading behavior under two realistic constraints: bounded budgets and buy-only securities. Finally, we provide an introductory analysis of an approach to facilitate adaptive liquidity using the Smooth Quadratic Prediction Market. Our results suggest future designs where the price update rule is separate from the fee structure, yet guarantees are preserved.

Options markets represent one of the most sophisticated segments of the financial ecosystem, with prices that directly reflect market uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce the first reinforcement learning (RL) framework specifically designed for volatility trading through options, focusing on profit from the difference between implied volatility and realized volatility. Our multi-agent architecture consists of an Option Position Agent (OP-Agent) responsible for volatility timing by controlling long/short volatility positions, and a Hedger Routing Agent (HR-Agent) that manages risk and maximizes path-dependent profits by selecting optimal hedging strategies with different risk preferences. Evaluating our approach using cryptocurrency options data from 2021-2024, we demonstrate superior performance on BTC and ETH, significantly outperforming traditional strategies and machine learning baselines across all profit and risk-adjusted metrics while exhibiting sophisticated trading behavior.

Musk's $1.8 trillion SpaceX IPO could be'highly undesirable' for some SpaceX is expected to debut on the United States' public markets on Friday in what will be the largest initial public offering (IPOs). Artificial intelligence (AI) giants OpenAI and Anthropic are also widely expected to go public soon, and thanks to a new rule change by tech stock exchange Nasdaq, individual investors could own stock of these companies when they go public in as soon as 15 business days following its first trading day. SpaceX's IPO is generating buzz among retail investors. The Elon Musk-led company is expected to allocate 20 percent of shares to retail investors and has drawn roughly $70bn in orders, according to the Reuters news agency. Historically, there is a waiting period between when a company goes public and when it is listed on the Nasdaq-100 index and/or S&P 500.

Elon Musk's SpaceX valued at nearly $1.8tn ahead of record share sale SpaceX has raised $75bn (£56bn) from financial firms ahead of it becoming a publicly traded company on Friday, in what is expected to be the highest-value stock listing in history. In a filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the space exploration and artificial intelligence (AI) company said it had sold $75bn in shares priced at $135 each. The share price matches the estimate SpaceX gave last week, leaving the firm's expected initial stock market value to be nearly $1.8tn. At that value, chief executive Elon Musk - already the richest man in the world - is set to become the world's first trillionaire. Once shares start trading, their value could rise or fall depending on how many shares are made available for sale, and how strong the demand is for those shares.

Activists raised a 40-foot-tall inflatable Elon Musk in Manhattan to draw attention to the risk he allegedly poses to investors. It was surrounded by black banners with statements alleging "Grok makes AI child porn" and "SpaceX owns Grok," referring to the Musk-owned AI chatbot whose image-generation tool was used to create a flood of sexualized images of minors earlier this year. Masked attendants stood nearby, handing out flyers with additional information, but they would not speak with the media. The demonstration was helmed by Safe AI Now (SAIN), which describes itself as "a coalition of faith leaders, family advocates, child development experts, online safety organizations, educators, legal professionals, technologists, and concerned citizens," ahead of SpaceX's initial public offering on Friday. The location was strategically chosen--right in front of the Nasdaq and the offices of JP Morgan, one of the banks participating in the IPO .